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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
; x- f( r6 p9 W+ K J 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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1 r* A" @& I0 |" u# r The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。: b) V" @' S c. p. J+ I. y
# u; ], B' g' V1 p/ w The point to note here…
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' g8 r' Y; \* d8 n% ` 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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There are three major reasons…# ^+ x4 p: N7 O6 z( A; V, l
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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, P& t6 Y% D* P9 f The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:2 d& w" G1 e# Z: F e0 e
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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2 h; R' x/ \% |3 Y8 S$ [3 b% S 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。: O: P. y0 i/ g8 D3 R: l
" C, z8 [5 @+ J3 x6 I 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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' d: u& s" k: {, w Therefore/the result$ X2 k3 H0 t+ B% W1 Q0 o
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In conclusion/we can conclude6 m8 M; H! O) {# Q0 B, _ A
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One of the primary conclusions
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! `4 b' b8 `1 m 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。8 B- @8 E% H, M+ f+ s
. a9 T9 S5 D8 h2 v3 q6 U For example/instancelike
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Such as these include
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To illustrate among these are
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" r1 a% p) Y+ }" }% S/ g 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:& G/ s! o S4 ?2 r k
0 O8 c* s& j5 C# \* S The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。 t9 h" ^4 v. `; I6 {
/ P: u/ R3 \% q/ s% s$ E. H Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。9 O- ~) n% H4 K3 j2 \
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。8 ?( ]0 c: I6 j- q4 O* a, |" j
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